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Qiversity ol the State of New York Bulletin 

Entered as second-class matter August 2, 1013, at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., 
under the act of August 2.4, 1912 

Published fortnightly 
No. 582 ALBANY, N. Y. January i, 1915 

Division of Visual Instruction 

List 31 

SLIDES AND PHOTOGRAPHS 



CANADA: PROVINCES OF NOVA SCOTIA AND 
NEW BRUNSWICK 

Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are two Canadian provinces hav- 
ing certain points of particular interest to Americans. The famil- 
iar poem of Longfellow depicting the exile of the Acadians has made 
the Evangeline country a fascinating-focality tg) visit. The harbor 
of Halifax and the fortification at Annapolis were for a century and 
a half the scenes of events directly connected witfi the early history 
of our own country. The tides of the Bay of Fundy and the rever- 
sible falls of St John are well-known and striking physiographic 
jDhenomena. The social, industrial and commercial activities of 
the province ^re also attractive and worthy of aftention. 

The pictures"~of this list present important districts of these pro- 
vinces with a good measure of fullness and attractiveness. For 
school use they are of value in the study of history, literature, phy- 
siography and descriptive geography. 

Halifax is but a short ocean trip from New York. The number 
of those who visit Nova Scotia, or New Scotland, increases annually. 
To them this list is commended. 

Borrowers are referred also to List 12 on The Province of Quebec 
and Newfoundland, countries frequently visited by water in con- 
nection with trips to Nova Scotia. 

A. W. Abrams 
Chief, Division of Visual Instruction 
Albany, N. Y., August 3, igi4 

V29r-Jei4-2000 (7-17844) 






References: 

Books 

Baedeker, Karl. The Dominion of Canada. Charles Scribner's Sons 

British America (The British Empire series, v. 3). Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner 

&Co. 
Calkins, John B. A History and Geography of Nova Scotia. A. & W. Mac- 

k inlay, Halifax. (191 1) 

Condensed, inexpensive and useful 

Dawson, Samuel Edward. North America, v. i : Canada & Newfoundland 

(Stanford's compendium of geography and travel). Edward Stanford 
Morley, Margaret W. Down-North and Up Along. Dodd, Mead & Co. 
Willson, Beckles. Nova Scotia. Frederick A. Stokes Co. 

Without index and somewhat disconnected, but furnishing adequate descriptions of many of 
the pictures of this list 

Periodicals 

Atlantic Monthly, Feb. 1907. Evangeline and the Real Acadians, by Archibald 

MacMechan 
New England Magazine, Nov. 1906. Halifax, Nova Scotia, by A. M. Payne 
Putnam's Monthly, Nov. 1907. The Restorer of Acadia, by Florence Painter 

and Edna B. Holman 

Deals with the Acadians who gathered at Church Point after the deportation 

Pamphlet 
MacVicar, W. M. A Short History of Annapolis Royal. The Copp, Clark 
Co., Toronto 

LIST OF SLIDES AND PHOTOGRAPHS 
Views at sea 

Call no. 

Fve Tr5 Steamship Trinidad on the Ocean; Upper Deck and along Side, 

from Lifeboat Overhanging the Water. Quebec Steamship 

Co. (1913) 
Fve Tr6 Reeling in the Lead during an Ocean Fog, Deck Hands in Rubber 

Hats, Coats and Boots, Passengers Watching. On board the 

Trinidad. (1913) 

Topic for study: Frequency and causes of fogs along the North 
Atlantic coast. 

Fv Av Fire Island Light Vessel. About 10 miles from Fire Island Light 

off Long Island. (1913) 

This light can be seen for a distance of 13 miles in clear weather. 
A vessel, manned by a few persons, is constantly anchored at this 
place. 

Ee HA Steamship Trinidad in Halifax Harbor Approaching Her Wharf. 

(1913) 

Fve Tr7 Steamship Trinidad en route, Passengers Assembled on Upper 

Deck. (1913) 
Borrowers wishing other characteristic views of sea voyages are referred to 
List II, The Bermudas. 

Nova Scotia 
City and Harbor of Halifax 

Ee 3 Map of Nova Scotia and Part of New Brunswick. Prepared by 

the Divisipn pf Visual Instruction. (1913) 
Ee H2 Map of Halif^*. Harbor and Vicinity. Prepared by the Division 

of Visual" I hstruction. (1913) 



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D. o 

JAN 15 1915 



Call no. 

Ee HAi A Small Pleasure Sailboat, with Wide Expanse of Water, in Hal- 
ifax Harbor, Seen from the Steamship Trinidad. (1913) 

This is a sea picture of beautiful effect in light and shade in water, 
clouds and sky. 
Ee HA2 Beacon in Halifax Harb3r, Seen from th; Trinidad. (1913) 

A pleasing pictorial effect. 

Ee HA3 Steamship Trinidad, Upper Deck, Aft. at Wharf; Dartmouth 

Shore in Distance; Ferry Boats and Steamer. (191 3) 
Ee HA4 Panorama of Citadel and Water Front from Ferry Boat. (1913) 

The citadel rises 255 feet above the sea. From it one obtains a 
fine 'view in every direction. Several of the pictures of this series 
were made from this elevation. See location on map Ee H2, p. 2. 
Ee HG3 Walls and Moat of Fort George on Citadel Hill. (191 3) 

This fortification was begun by the duke of Kent about 1794, 
although certain defenses were constructed here as early as the 
Revolutionary War. Until recently a garrison of imperial troops 
was maintained here, but now it is held by Canadians. 

Ee HA5 Panorama from the Citadel toward Dartmouth. (1913) 

Ee HA6 Panorama from the Citadel: Clock Tower, George Street, Harbor. 

(1913) 

Ee HA7 Panorama from Citadel toward Prince Street: George Island, 

McNab Island, Eastern Passage. (1913) 

It was through the Eastern passage that the Confederate steamer 
Tallahassee escaped from a Federal squadron on the watch in the 
outer roadstead during the American war of secession. 

Ee HAS Panorama from the Citadel: George Island, Eastern Passage, 

McNab Island, Main Passage, Buildings on Southeast of Citadel . 
(1913) 

Ee HB3 British War Vessels in the Harbor; Extent of Water Front, from 

Dry Dock, (about 1907) 

Ee HB4 H. M. S. S. Niobe in Dry Dock. (1913) 

Canada's recent contribution to His Majesty's navy. 

Ee HC2 HoUis Street, Looking North: Halifax Hotel and Queen Hotel. 

(1913) 

Mollis street runs parallel to and near the water front. It is 
characteristic of the older business streets of this city. The "Hal- 
ifax " and the " Queen," with their plain exteriors, are very satis- 
factory stopping places. 

■Ee HC3 Junction of Bedford Row and Water Streat: Typical Buildings 

and Low Hanging Trucks. (1913) 

This is a section of warehouses and trucks. Note the plain, simple 
lines of the buildings. 
Ee HC4 Albermarle Street, Looking North, near the Citadel. (1913) 

Characteristic of the older residence quarters. , Note the shingled 
sides of houses, chimney pots, surface of street, walks, etc. 

Ee HG2 City Hall and Parade; Children Playing at Fountain. (1913) 

Ee HF4 Old Dutch Church. (1913) 

Erected, 1755, for German Lutheran immigrants. 
Ee HG7 Government House, Front. (1913) 

Built 1800-05, the residence of the Lieutenant Governor. 



Call no. 

Ee HD3 Public Gardens, the Lake. (191 3) 

This public park is one of the attractions of the city and is a credit 
to the people of Halifax. 
Ee HD4 Public Gardens: Paths, Trees, Flower Beds, Statues, Urns, Band 

Stand. (1913) 

Ee HD5 Public Gardens, Long Walk Arched by Trees. (1913) 

Ee HB5 Northwest Arm, Looking Out; Memorial Tower, Boats. (1913) 

The tower, no feet high, dedicated in 191 2, commemorates the 
establishment of the first representative assembty in Nova Scotia, 
1758. 
Ee HB6 Northwest Arm on Recreation Day; Boating, Diving Tower, 

Memorial Tower. (191 3) 

A favorite pleasure resort of the Haligonians. 

Evangeline country 

For other illustrations of Longfellow's Evangeline, see List 18, on American 

Literature. 

MLo E Map of the Evangeline country and the Basin of Minas. Pre- 
pared by the Division of Visual Instruction. (1913) 

MLo E28....01d French Willows; Extensive Meadows. Grand Pre. (1913) 
It is supposed that these willows were planted by the Acadians. 

They are clearly very old. These meadows, reclaimed from the sea 

by means of dikes, were the heart of the land of the Acadians. 

MLo E35.... Party of Tourists at Evangeline's Well; Old French Willows; 
Meadows. Grand Pre. (1913) 

MLo E24 .... Extensive View North from Ridge between Cornwallis and Gas- 
pereau Rivers: Grand Pre Railroad Station, Old French Wil- 
lows, Blomidon. (1913) 
Blomidon was the favorite haunt of the demigod G loos cap. This 

promontory, 670 feet high, is the end of the North mountain, the 

dominant scenic feature on the north and west of the Cornwallis and 

Annapolis valleys for a distance of 70 miles. This long, narrow ridge 

is composed of triassic trap. 

MLo E22 .... Mouth of the Gaspereau, Scene of the Embarkation of the Aca- 
dians; Blomidon, Basin of Minas. Hortonville. (1913) 
MLo E55 . . . . Old Church. Grand Pre. (1913) 

This church is not the one in which the Acadians received the 
announcement of their deportation. It was erected in 1804 and 
is a short distance from the site of the earlier Acadian church. 

MLo E2 Gaspereau Valley and Village; Orchards. From ridge back of 

Wolfville. (1913) 

For the relative position of the Gaspereau and the Cornwallis 
valleys, see map MLo E, above. Some of the Acadian settlements 
were in the Gaspereau valley although most of them were in the 
Cornwallis valley and the low basin lands. 

MLo E17. . . .Upper Dyke Village and Some of the Best Orchards of the Corn- 
wallis Valley. Near Kentville. (1913) 

According to Longfellow's Evangeline, orchards were cultivated here 
while the Acadians yet occupied the valley. Today this district 
is well known for its apples. 



Call no. 

MLo E15. .. .Cornwallis River, Meadows and Dikes. One mile east of Kent- 

ville. (1913) 
MLo E26 .... Making Hay on the Meadows; Dikes. Near Kentville. (1913) 
The meadows, as might be expected, yield a rather coarse grass. 

Annapolis (Port Royal) 

Ee AA Panorama Nearly South from North Mountain over Annapolis to 

South Mountain: Granville Ferry, ArinapoHs River, the 
Fort (on point of land at right of town), Allen's Creek. (1913) 

Old Port Royal was built here at the head of navigation on the 
Annapolis basin by the French in 1604. This wa3 the first Eu- 
ropean settlement in North America north of Florida. The fort 
and grounds around it, are now government property. The 
fort, which had long been neglected, was restored in 1896 and 1897. 

JA XP3 South and West Parapets of Fort; Sally Port, Annapolis Basin. 

(1913) 

JA XP4 Southern Parapets, Pa'^ade, Magazine, Sally Port and Black 

Hole of Fort, Annapolis Basin, North Mountain. (1913) 
JA XP5 Officers Quarters, Parapet, Moat, Ravelin of Fort on Side oppo- 
site Sally Port. (1913) 

JA XP Officers Quarters within the Fort, Seen through Sally Port. 

(1913) 

JA SdE De Monts Monument (erected 1904), between Old Fort and the 

Basin. (1913) 

Port Royal was chosen by Sieur De Monts for this first French 
settlement. 

Digby 

Digby is a flourishing summer resort, beautifully situated on the 
Annapolis basin, opposite the Digby Gut. A steamer runs between 
here and St John. 

Ee DA Panorama along Water Front: Low Tide, Steamer Wharf, Pleas- 
ure Boats, Gut in Distance. (1913) 

Ee DB Panorama from Wharf: Annapolis Basin, Gut, North Mountain, 

Beach at Low Tide. (1913) 

See also views of fisheries at Digby, p. 7. 

No R05 Rock Weed, Fucus verslculosus, Growing on End of Log. (1913) 

This weed is covered with water at high tide. The rounded por- 
tions of the weed are filled with water. 

The French coast and Clare district 

Subsequent to the deportation of the Acadians, many of them 
found a home along the shore of St Mary's bay. Their descendants 
live here, preserving the simple customs of their French ancestors. 
Their dwellings stretch along the bay several miles, forming a street 
not unlike that of the seignorial system on the St Lawrence at Chateau 
Richer; see List 12, Province of Quebec and Newfoundland p. 7, 
Eg ChZ. 
Ee Ch3 St Anne Church (Catholic) at Close of Sunday Service, St Mary's 

Bay in Background, Row of Hou5e3 on Shore. Church Point, 

Clare District. (191 3) 



Call no. 

Ee Ch4 Interior of St Anne Church; Altars. Church Point, Clare Dis- 
trict. (1913) 

Ee Ch5 French (Acadian) Women in Odd Dress on Steps of Church. 

Church Point, Clare District. (191 3) 

Ee Ch6 Kiosk in College Park; Sisters of College of Ste Anne. Church 

Point, Clare District. (1913) 

Ee Ch7 Woman Spinning a Card of Wool. Church Point, Clare District. 

(1913) 
The women of this district still spin yarn and knit stockings much 

as the Acadians of former years. 

Yarmouth 

Yarmouth is the nearest port of Nova Scotia to the United States 
and is near the entrance to the Bay of Fundy. It was prominent 
in early history and in the days of wooden vessels was noted for 
shipbuilding. 

Ee WrA Water Front and Harbor from Bay View Hotel (high tide). (1913) 

Ee Wr A2 .... Water Front and Harbor from Bay View Hotel (below half tide) . 

(1913) 
Ee WrA3 .... Panorama toward Wharves and Harbor Entrance from Top of 

Grand Hotel; Hedges and Park in Foreground. (191 3) 
Ee WrA4. . . .Two Views of Harbor toward the Atlantic: High Tide, Low Tide. 

(1913) 
Ee WrA5. . . .Panorama North toward Milton from Top of Grand Hotel; Ex- 
cellent Farm Land. (191 3) 
Ee WrC2. . . .Portion of a Street, with Characteristic Hedges. (1913) 
Ee WrC3. . . .Hedges and Archways along an Unpaved Street. (1913) 
Ee WrC4 Main Street, the Center of the Business District. (1913) 

Dikes 

The first settlers reclaimed from the sea, with its unusually high 
tides, the low, level lands along the Bay of Minas and the Cornwallis 
and Annapolis rivers by the building of an extensive system of dikes, 
which are still maintained. 

Ee X3 Dike along the Cornwallis River, View along the Top, Showing 

Construction. Port Williams. (191 3) 

Ee X4 Detail of Dike along Allen's Creek, Meadow Side; Stacks of 

Meadow Hay in Background. Annapolis. (1913) 

Ee X5 Dike along Annapolis Basin; Meadows, North Mountain. An- 
napolis. (1913) 

See also A-ILo E15 and MLo E26, p. 5. 

Education in Nova Scotia 

Nova Scotia, like the other provinces of Canada, maintains a good 
system of primary, secondary and higher schools. There are a 
number of technical schools. 
Ee HG6 Dalhousie College and University. Halifax. (1913) 

Founded in 1821. The original endowment was derived from 
funds collected at the port of Castine, in Maine, during its occupation 
by the British in 1812-14. The university includes faculties of arts, 
law, medicine and science. Among its graduates are many persons 
of prominence. 



Call no. 

Ee HN Nova Scotia Technical College. Halifax. (1913) 

Ee KeG Government Agricultural Experiment Station and Surrounding 

Country. Kentville. (1913) 

Industries of Nova Scotia 

A griculture 

Ee Y12 Father and Three Boys Loading Hay; Ox Team. Annapolis 

Valley. (1913) 

Many oxen are still used in Nova Scotia, although horses are ex- 
tensively raised. 

Ee Y15 Along Road through Chebogue Farms. Near Yarmouth. (1913) 

Ee Y17 Productive Farm Lands along St Mary's Bay; Unusual Type of 

Windmill, Used for Sawing Wood. Near Church Point. (1913 ) 

For views of apple orchards and meadow lands see " The Evange- 
line Countrv," p. 4-5; for farm lands in the vicinity of Yarmouth, 
Ee WrAs, p. 6. 

Fisheries 

The fisheries are one of the leading resources of this province, the 

value of this product in 1910 being nearly $30,000,000. . The most 

valuable varieties are lobsters, cod, mackerel, haddock, herring and 

salmon. 

Ee Y23 Unloading Cod, Weighing and Placing Them on Flakes on Wharf 

for Redrying. Halifax. (1913) 

Ee Y24 Group of Fish Houses, Rigging of Vessels, Barrels and Fish Flakes. 

Digby. (1913) 

Ee Y25 General View of Fish Flakes (cod) and Fish House. Digby. 

(1913) 

Ee Y26 Near View of Fish Flakes Showing the Appearance of Drying Cod. 

Digby. (1913) 

Ee HB7 Fish Flakes on Roofs of Building along Water Front, Steamer at 

Pier; Sugar Refinery and Mt Hope Lunatic Asylum on Op- 
posite Shore. Halifax Harbor. (191 3) 

Note that codfish are spread out to dry in all sorts of places. 

Ee Y27 Head of an Arm of Annapolis Basin at Low Tide, Showing Fishing 

Docks and Large Fish Weirs. Near Digby. (1913) 

Ee Y28 Near View of Part of Fish Weir with Opening, at Low Tide. 

Digby. (191 3) 
The weirs are entirely under water at high tide. Most of the fish 
that get above the weirs remain there when the tide goes out and 
then are gathered by net from small boats at some place along the 
weirs where there is a small amount of water. 

Sugar products 

Ee HY Barrels of Molasses on the Wharf; Ferry Boat, Dartmouth in the 

Distance. Halifax. (19 13) 

Halifax has a large trade with the West Indies in sugar and other 
products. Sugar is extensively refined in Halifax and Dartmouth. 
Consult a globe and observe that Halifax is nearer the smaller islands 
of the West Indies than is New York. 



Cotton manufactures 
Call no. 

Us Tc3 Cosmos Cotton Mill, Rear, Yarmouth. (191 3) 

Us Tc5 Cosmos Cotton Mill, Spinning Room. Yarmouth. (1913) 

Us Tc" Cosmos Cotton Mill, Weaving Room. Yarmouth, (1913) 

This mill manufactures only cotton duck, which is made in widths 
up to 202 inches. The factory employs 430 hands. Manufacturing 
duck is the principal industry of Yarmouth. 

Lumbering 

Ee Y4 Loading Lumber for Shipment to England. Halifax. (1913) 

When Nova Scotia was first settled it was one vast forest of pine, 
spruce, hemlock and the hardwoods common to the forest belt in which 
it lies. About one-third of the area is still in forest, chiefly spruce 
and hardwoods. The United States imports pulp wood from here, 
but most of the lumber goes to Great Britain and the West Indies. 
The ship at the Annapolis dock, Ee X9, p. 10, is being loaded with 
lumber for Jamaica. About 275,000,000 feet are exported from 
Nova Scotia annually. 

Coal 

Nova Scotia is rich in minerals, especially coal, iron and gypsum. 
For fossil remains from the coal mines of Cape Breton see List 21, 
Coal Mining, p. 3, Njm SiV. 

New Brunswick 
St John and vicinity 

Ec S2 Map of St John. Prepared by the Division of Visual Instruction. 

(1913) 
Ec SA2 Panorama from Asylum Grounds: Bridges, River and Part of 

City (outgoing tide). (1913) 
Ec 8x^3 Panorama from Asylum Grounds: Bridges, River and Part of 

City (incoming tide). (191 3) 
Ec SB Reversible Rapids and Pulp Mill, from Right Bank of River 

(incoming tide). (19 13) 

The rapids, or falls, appear at two places, under the bridge and 
just above the bridge between the pulp mill and the islands. Twice 
during every day the water falls in one direction and twice in the 
opposite direction with the coming in and going out of the tide. 
There are four periods during the day when there is slack water and 
when boats may pass safely. The reason for this remarkable phe- 
nomenon is that the channel of the river is too narrow at these two 
places to allow the water carried forward by the tides to pass as 
rapidly beyond the channel as before it; consequently the river is 
dammed up for a time. 

Ec SB2 Reversible Rapids and Pulp Mill, View up the River, from Right 

Bank (outgoing tide). (191 3) 
Ec SB3 Reversible Rapids and Pulp Mill, View up the River, from Left 

Bank (incoming tide). (1913) 
Ec SA6 Fort Howe (site) and Panorama Southwest up the St John River. 

(1913) 



Call no. 

Ec SA7 Panorama West from Fort Howe Hill: St Peter's School (right 

foreground), Dufferin School (brick), Churches. (19 13) 

Ec SE Martello Tower, Constructed in War of 1812. West End. (1913) 

The walls of the tower are six feet thick. There are a number of 
these Martello towers in Canada. 

Ec SB5 Looking out of St John Harbor: Partridge Island, Fort Dufferin 

(on point at right), C. P. R. and New Brunswick Southern 
Railways, Salmon Weirs. West End. (1913) 

West End, or Carleton, is a suburb of St John south of the harbor. 
Extensive docks are to be constructed where the weirs are seen. 
Ec SYS Stratified Rock, Much Tilted. West End. (1913) 

Ec SB6 Water Front; Sailing Vessels, Steamers and Tugs; Customs House 

in Background. (July 1913) 

During the winter when the St Lawrence is frozen over and Mon- 
treal is closed to navigation, St John and Halifax are the chief Cana- 
dian seaports on the Atlantic. Then the harbor here shown is filled 
with vessels of all sorts. 

Ec SB7 Market Shp at High Tide. (1913) 

Ec SB8 Market Slip at Low Tide. (1913) 

This slip, at the foot of the principal business street (King), has 
been in use from the earliest times. It was here that thousands of 
loyalists who fled from Boston during the Revolutionary War landed 
to find a new home and become the leading actors in building up a 
properous community. 

Ec SU Union Railway Station and Intercolonial Railway Elevator. 

(1913) 

Several million dollars worth of grain is shipped annually from 
St John. 

JA VE3 Champlain Monument, by Hamilton MacCarthy, 1909. Queen 

Square. (1913) 

Champlain, with De Monts and Poutrincourt, entered St John 
harbor in 1604. 

Ec SC2 Sidney Street at the North Corner of Queen Square, Fine Res- 
idences, Four Story Public School Building. (1913) 

Ec SC4 Germain Street, Looking North; Stone Church in Distance. 

(1913) 

Many of the most wealthy residents of the city live in the houses 
shown in this picture. 
Ec SC5 Princess Street, with Characteristic Doorways. (1913) 

In St John, as well as in Halifax, most houses do not have a piazza 
or stoop. There is a small vestibule within the house with steps 
leading up to the first floor level. 

Ec SC7 View up King Street, from Market Wharf, King Square, or Park, 

in Distance. (1913) 

Ec SF3 St John's, or the Stone, Church. (1913) 

Ec SF5 Trinity Church, with Lofty Spire. (19 13) 

The original structure, erected in 1788, was built by the Loyalists 
who migrated from New England. It was destroyed by fire in 1877, 
when the present church was built. 



Call no. 
Ec SF6 Queen Square Methodist Episcopal Church (EngHsh Gothic). 

(1913) 
Ec SX Regiment of Soldiers Returning from Attendance at Church. 

St John, N. B. (1913) 

Each regiment stationed here attends church in a body one Sun- 
day each year. 

Lumbering in New Brunswick 

Th L33 Marble Cove Looking Northwest: Saw Mills and Booms of Logs, 

St John River; High Limestone Cliffs. St John. (1913) 

Th L3 Marble Cove Looking West : Saw Mills and Booms of Logs. 

St John. (1913) 
These two views were photographed from the same point, just 

above the bridge at St John. The St John river, 450 miles long, 

drains a very large forest area. St John annually ships $1,500,000 

worth of lumber. 

Tides of the Bay of Fundy 

Ee X7 Two Mast Schooner Left on Beach by Receding Tide. Digby, 

N.S. (1913) 
For study of tides see also the pictures of Digby, p. 5, and Yar- 
mouth, p. 6, and the reversible rapids and Market Slip at St John, 
p. 8, 9. 
Ee X8 High Tide S;en from Granville Pier; Piles of Lumber on Wharf. 

Annapolis, N. S. (1913) 
Ee X9 Low Tide Seen from Granville Pier; Piles of Lumber on Wharf. 

Annapolis, N. S. (1913) 
Ec MoZ The Tidal Wave, or "Bore," of the Petitcodiac River. Moncton, 

N. B. (November 1913) 

A " bore " is a great tidal wave running up an estuary. Its for- 
mation is due to the narrowing of the channel through which the 
tide advances. At Moncton the bore comes in with a height of from 
4 to 6 feet. The difference here between extreme high and extreme 
low tide is 30 feet. The statements sometimes made to the effect 
that the tides of the Bay of Fundy rise 80 feet or more are not war- 
ranted by the facts. The greatest rise under ordinary conditions 
of which there is an official record is 49 feet; a storm tide showing a 
difference of level of 53 feet has been observed. These records are 
for Chignecto bay. In the other arm of the Bay of Fundy at the 
head of the Minas basin the rise may be about 5 per cent greater. 
The mean range of spring tide at each of several points on the Bay 
of Fundy is as follows : 

Yarmouth harbor 16 feet 

St John 25I 

Spicers cove, near Cape Chignecto 37 

Mouth of Petitcodiac river 45 

Digby. 27^ 

Annapolis 29 

Minas basin, Noel bay 50j 



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